sschub - Before going ahead for policies/bills, lets understand the basics of why govt/parliment introduced these policies and bills/laws/acts.
what Constitutional provisions says
what 7th Schedule says
| List | Matter |
| Union List |
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| State List |
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| Concurrent List |
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For Union, State and Concurrent list click here. ok, then what parliament did ? For good health access and improved nutrition, parliament introduced following laws/acts.
Now its time to review important policies.
To achieve above things, NPP policy formed National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010.
Draft National Health Bill 2009
- provides “right to health” = legal right.
- rules/regulations for good treatment, emergency care, etc.
- Even if Mr. galwa (xyz) has injured in accident and he has no fees or police clearance, he should not be denied to emergency treatment.
- hospitals will address patient complaints compulsory.
- patient has the right to know name of doctor / nurse involved in his treatment, summary of the treatment. He can also complaint for over-charging of fees.
- A body to enforce the right to health.
Transplantation of Human Organs (Amendment) Bill, 2009
- Originally the Act was made in 1994: Transplantation of Human organ Act, 1994
- It’ll rename that act to “Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act”.
- To regulate the removal, storage and transplantation of human organs and tissues.
- “near relative” can donate organ
- If the donor is not a “near relative” of the patient, then permission required from state Committee.
- Doctor has to inform and seek consent of donor
- Organ swapping allowed between a pair of donor-recipient. (e.g. family A has donor and willing recipient but their organs donot match medically then they can swap with another family B in similar situation IF donor from familyB’s organ is compatible with patient from family A and vice versa).
- Increased penalty for illegal organ removal and trade.
- Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic technique (PCPNDT)
- This act prohibits sex determination tests.
- Regulating the sale of ultrasound machines.
- Authorities can search, seizure and seal the machines and equipment of the clinics.
- This Commission will replace four existing (statutory) bodies for healthcare professionals viz.
- Medical Council of India,
- Dental Council of India,
- Pharmacists’ Council of India
- Nursing Council of India
- to facilitate academic studies and research.
- conduct a screening test doctors.
- An Indian citizen who wants to study medicine abroad has to obtain an eligibility certificate from NBHE.
- Its recommendation necessary to open new educational institutions in medical and paramedical courses.
- Setting up a fund to finance above bodies.
- Penalties for educational institutes if they run courses without permission etc.
- The new regulatory body doesn’t have provides any representation to state governments. (Even when Health is state subject)= federalism ignored.
- Members will not be elected but nominated = democracy ignored.
- Provides the mental patients with right to treatment, information, Confidentiality. Legal aid etc.
- Provision for regulatory bodies at national and state level to enforce these rights.
- No punishment for Suicide Attempt
- Registration of mental healthcare establishments.
- provides for a national database of DNA profiles. (for details click DNA Profiling Bill) This database will be used for
- crime detection
- as an evidence in judicial proceedings
PCPNDT 2004
NCHRH Bill 2011
National Commission for Human Resources in Health (NCHRH) Bill
| National Commission for Human Resources in Health (NCHRH) | |
| National Board for Health Education (NBHE) | |
| National Evaluation and Assessment Council (NEAC) |
Draft Mental Healthcare bill, 2012
Draft DNA profiling Bill, 2012
National Population Policy 2000 (NPP)
| Short term |
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| Medium term |
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| Long term |
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- Reduce IMR, MMR, school dropouts
- Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.
- Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and preferably after 20 years of age.
- Achieve 80 percent institutional deliveries and 100 percent deliveries by trained persons.
- Provide contraceptives, counseling for family planning.
- 100 per cent registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy.
- Reduce the spread of STD, HIV, communicable diseases.
National Blood Policy, 2002
- National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC) shall be the policy formulating apex body. NACO will give them money.
- Similarly bodies @State/UT level
- Drugs Controller General India will enforce the standards for blood products.
- Trading in blood i.e. Sale & purchase of blood shall be prohibited.
- All blood centres shall adhere to guidelines given by Health ministry
- Each blood centre shall create and update a blood donor’s directory which shall be kept confidential.
- awareness, education, motivation to promote blood donation
- strengthen manpower, encourage research –development, NGO involvement and other filler points.
Drugs & Cosmetics Act provides mandatory testing of blood for five major infections viz.HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis & Malaria. Every unit of blood is tested for all these infections.
National Policy on NDPS 2012
- NDPS= Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
- drafted by the Ministry of Finance (and not health ministry)
- private sector may be allowed production of alkaloids (medical compounds) from opium.
- At present alkaloids from opium are produced only in Government Opium and Alkaloid Factories
- Policy also aims to reduce
| Reduce | By |
| supply of narcotic drugs |
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| demand for narcotic drugs |
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National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPP) 2012
| 1962 | Government started drug price control after China war |
| 2004 | Drug policy |
| 2012 | New pharmaceutical pricing policy. |
- At present, the government through the National Pharmaceutical Pricing authority (NPPA) controls prices of 74 bulk drugs and their formulations.
- With this new policy, 348 essential drugs will be put under price control.
Committees related to drugs
| Mashelkar | Drugs Regulatory System, spurious drugs. |
| Pranab Sen | Drug pricing |
Departments
Health ministry has only four departments- Health And Family Welfare
- AYUSH
- Health research
- AIDS control
National rural health mission NRHM (2005)
- Decentralized health delivery system in rural areas via ASHA workers, PRI, NGO, AYUSH paramedics etc.
- Provide Better infrastructure, availability of manpower, drugs and equipment etc.
- It has many components: e.g. Janani Suraksha Yojana, Vector borne disease control, Leprosy eradication, revised TB control, Blindness and Iodine deficiency.
National Health Mission
- In his 15th August speech, Mohan had said that National Rural Health Mission will be converted into a National Health Mission (NHM).
- National Health Mission would cover all villages and towns in the country.
ASHA worker
Every village/large habitat has a female Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) – chosen by and accountable to the Panchayat- to act as the interface between the community and the public health system.
She is given a Drug Kit containing generic AYUSH and allopathic drugsfor common ailments. She also works for family planning, TB control etc. (and earns Commission).
She is given a Drug Kit containing generic AYUSH and allopathic drugsfor common ailments. She also works for family planning, TB control etc. (and earns Commission).
Family planning
- Started in 1952
- Aim: reduce birth-rate to stabilize population at a level that is consistent with the requirements of economy. (Besides family planning is also necessary to stop the ridiculously high level of competition in every exam e.g. 17 Lakh people applied in SBI PO 2013 – for just 1500 vacancies.)
